A Good Man is Hard to Find Analysis

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a short story written by Flannery O'Connor, a significant American writer and essayist. Her writing style reflects the ethnic relation in the South and her own Christian faith. The author writes in third person limited point of view to portray the tragic journey of a family who lived in Georgia in 1953. Bailey wants to take his family to Florida, but his mother, â€Å"the grandmother† disagrees with him because there's a dangerous criminal named The Misfit who is also on the way to Florida.Bailey ignores the grandmother's concern and headed to Florida. On the road, The kids and the grandmother persuade Bailey to drive them to the see a plantation which the grandmother visited when she was a lady. Unfortunately, the family gets into an accident on the desolate dust road to the plantation. The only thing the family can do is to wait for help, and it turns out that their help is none other than The Misfit and his buddies. The Misfit ord ers his buddies to take all the family members except the grandmother into the wood and shoot them.Hopelessly, the grandmother calls The Misfit her child and wants to touch him on the shoulder, but this angers The Misfit. As a result, he shoots the grandmother three times on the chest. The author uses characterization, foreshadowing, and irony to illustrate the theme that the tendency to manipulate people's actions and thoughts may introduce tragic outcomes to the love ones. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† , the author applies both direct characterization and indirect characterization to exhibit the selfishness of the grandmother, the innocence of the children, and the wickedness of The Misfit .In the exposition of the story, the grandmother wants to go to Tennessee to visit her connections instead going to Florida, so she tells Bailey that he † ought to take [the kids] somewhere else for a change so they would see different parts of the world and b e board. They have never been to east Tennessee† (O'Connor 403). From this quote the readers can perceive that the grandmother is good at manipulating her son by saying that going to Tennessee can be beneficial to the kids in order to achieve her own purpose.She also mentions that The Misfit is also on the way to Florida and she â€Å"couldn't answer to [her] conscience† (O'Connor 402) if she brings the kids to Florida. In this quote, the grandmother uses the word â€Å"conscience† to threat Bailey with the idea that he is going to put his children in danger, so he would give up the trip to Florida. In Katherine Keil's article â€Å"O'Connor's ‘Good Man is Hard to Find'†, Katherine analyzes â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and comments that â€Å"the grandmother shows her indifference for creation by selfishly manipulating and nagging to get her way on the family's vacation â€Å"(Keil 45).Keil's analysis is reasonable because through the i nteractions between the grandmother and other family members on the issue about the family trip, the grandmother is used to manipulate people's decisions by taking advantage of the vulnerable side of people's mind and being selfish without knowing it herself. The kids, John Wesley and June Star, are innocent compare to their selfish grandmother. After the family encounter The Misfit in the country, John Wesley notices that The Misfit is holding a gun, so he asks him: â€Å"‘What you got that gun for?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(O'Connor 410).Under this kind of circumstance, probably most of the people would be quiet in order to avoid trouble, but John Wesley mentions the gun just because he is simply curious. Unfortunately, his inquiry brings The Misfit into action, and results in tragedy. Although The Misfit is not present until the final pages of the story, he influences the story from the exposition of the story when the grandmother tells Bailey that he flees from the prison, and is on the way to Florida.The author uses a clear and detailed direct characterization to portray The Misfit when he first appears in the story. The author describes him as a man whose Hair just beginning to gray and he wore silver rimmed spectacles that gave him a scholarly look. He had a long creased face and didn't have on any shirt or undershirt. He had on blue jeans that were too tight for him and was holding a black hat and a gun. (O'Connor 410) It is easy for the readers to realize that he is an antagonist from his appearance– long ceased face, unsuited clothes, holding a gun, a typical image of villains.The conversations between The Misfit and the grandmother also reveal the evil inside The Misfit. After the execution of Bailey and his son, The Misfit tells the grandmother that he † found out the crime doesn't matter. You can do one thing or you can do another, kill a man or take a tire off his car, because sooner you're going to forget what it was you done and just be punished for it†(O'Connor 414). John Desmond's, a professor of English at Whitman College made comment in his article that † the Misfit acts under the delusion that his actions are somehow good, i. e.  good for him.Since he cannot make sense of his spiritual condition, he now tries to reduce ethical mystery to a perverse pleasure-pain principle†(Desmond135). Desmond's comment reveals the characteristic of The Misfit because The Misfit's demeanor exhibits that his values is tangled, and he has developed his own philosophy, which is evil and lawless. As a result, his philosophy blinded his conscience, and make his sinful actions look naturally appropriate to himself. Besides characterization, foreshadowing is also a significant literary element throughout the story .The author uses foreshadowing to give the story its air of suspense, and to hint the outcome of the story. At the beginning of the story, the grandmother refers to the news that â€Å"The Misfit is al oose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida† (O'Connor 402). Initially, the grandmother just wants to use this scary news to threaten Bailey, and tries to change his mind. The reference to a dangerous criminal raises a sign of hazardousness. The grandmother's dress on the day of departure also foreshadows the misfortune of the family.â€Å"[S]he had on navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collars and cuffs were organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet†(O'Connor 404). In the book Short Stories for Students, the author of the article ‘Overview: â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ analysis that † as the family prepares to embark on their vacation, the grandmother plans her outfit with an eye toward tragedy†(Short Stories for Students 103).Wilson's analysis is fair because when people die, they usually are dressed in their best outfit, just like the grandmother is dressed in her best clothes, so its clear that the grandmother holds a pessimistic view on the family trip. On their way to Florida, the family â€Å"passed a large cotton field with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island†(O'Connor 404). It is pretty disturbing for people who are on a family trip to see thing like graveyard, and the number of the graves clearly represent the six family members, including the baby. When the family are waiting for help after the accident, they encounter TheMisfit, who drives â€Å"a big black battered hearse-like automobile† (O'Connor 409). It is very obvious that the appearance of the car is a vigorous example of foreshadowing, which foreshadows the tragedy that is about to happen. In Arthur F. Bethea's article, he states that â€Å"O'Connor's villain is relentlessly associated with death: he worked as an undertaker , drives a black â€Å"hearse-like automobile,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(Bethea 239). Bthea's interpretation is vigorous because the image of a hearse-like automobile gives rise to a bodeful ambience which perfectly foreshadows the debut of The Misfit.Other than characterization and foreshadowing, irony is another essential literary element that helps to carry out the purpose and the theme of the whole story. Both verbal irony and situational irony are used by the author in this story to illustrate how the grandmother's manipulative behaviors lead the whole family into deadly situation. In the exposition of the story, the grandmother warns Bailey that she â€Å"wouldn't take [her] children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it â€Å"(O'Connor 402).Ironically, she is exactly the person who take the family into dangerousness when she deliberately excites the children in order to force Bailey to take them to see the plantation, where they meet The Misfit. In order to convince Bailey, the grandmother announces that taking the kids to the old plantation â€Å"would be very educational for them†(O'Connor 408). To educate the children is not the purpose of the trip to the plantation in the grandmother's mind, it is just a excuse that used to disguise her selfishness.In Stanley Renne's article he comments that the grandmother is a â€Å"blind old woman, a failed parent who has ruined her own offspring, with a false and destructive dream of the past and an equally false and destructive self-perception in the present†(Renner 127). Renne's analysis is reasonable because the grandmother always wants others to accept her idea, and force his family members to do what she thinks is right and what she thinks is good for them, but the grandmother doesn't perceive that herself is being selfish and nostalgic all the time.As a result of her selfishness and nostalgia, the grandmother ultimately brings misfortune to the family. After the car accident, the kid says: â€Å"But nobody's killed†(O'Connor 409) with great disappointment. It is very awkward that a kid could has this kind of horrible thought, and it is an example of verbal irony because at the end of the story every family member gets killed eventually. Another irony happens when the grandmother is giving her grandkids a lecture on respecting others.She announces that in the old times â€Å"children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else†(O'Connor 404), but at the same time, she saw an African American child on the roadside and says: â€Å"Oh look at that cute pickninny† (O'Connor 404). It is ironic that the grandmother is teaching her grandkids the importance of respect while she calls an African American child pickninny, which is disrespectful.In Stephen Brandy's article he analysis and describe the grandmother as a old woman who † is filled with the prejudices of her class and her time† (Brandy 110). Brandy's comment is agreeable because although the grandmother's conversations make her seems like a nice and traditional Southern old lady, her mindless insult on African Americans reveals that the racism is rooted in her mind for a very long time that even herself does not notice it, or she ignore this issue deliberately.I the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, the author applies characterization, foreshadowing, and irony to illustrate the theme that the tendency to manipulate people's actions and thoughts may introduce tragic outcomes to the love ones. By using both direct and indirect characterization, the author is able to portray the characters in detail, and create a vivid image of interactions between characters.Foreshadowing is also a important literary element that the author applies in this short story because foreshadowing gives the story its air of suspense thus make the story more interesting and dramatic. Through both situational irony and verbal i rony, the author shows how the grandmother's character trait brings misfortune to the family, and unlock the theme of the story. Being manipulative not only distances a person from his or her family, but also could cause trouble to the love ones. A Good Man is Hard to Find Analysis â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a short story written by Flannery O'Connor, a significant American writer and essayist. Her writing style reflects the ethnic relation in the South and her own Christian faith. The author writes in third person limited point of view to portray the tragic journey of a family who lived in Georgia in 1953. Bailey wants to take his family to Florida, but his mother, â€Å"the grandmother† disagrees with him because there's a dangerous criminal named The Misfit who is also on the way to Florida.Bailey ignores the grandmother's concern and headed to Florida. On the road, The kids and the grandmother persuade Bailey to drive them to the see a plantation which the grandmother visited when she was a lady. Unfortunately, the family gets into an accident on the desolate dust road to the plantation. The only thing the family can do is to wait for help, and it turns out that their help is none other than The Misfit and his buddies. The Misfit ord ers his buddies to take all the family members except the grandmother into the wood and shoot them.Hopelessly, the grandmother calls The Misfit her child and wants to touch him on the shoulder, but this angers The Misfit. As a result, he shoots the grandmother three times on the chest. The author uses characterization, foreshadowing, and irony to illustrate the theme that the tendency to manipulate people's actions and thoughts may introduce tragic outcomes to the love ones.In the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† , the author applies both direct characterization and indirect characterization to exhibit the selfishness of the grandmother, the innocence of the children, and the wickedness of The Misfit .In the exposition of the story, the grandmother wants to go to Tennessee to visit her connections instead going to Florida, so she tells Bailey that he † ought to take [the kids] somewhere else for a change so they would see different parts of the world and be board. They have never been to east Tennessee† (O'Connor 403). From this quote the readers can perceive that the grandmother is good at manipulating her son by saying that going to Tennessee can be beneficial to the kids in order to achieve her own purpose.She also mentions that The Misfit is also on the way to Florida and she â€Å"couldn't answer to [her] conscience† (O'Connor 402) if she brings the kids to Florida. In this quote, the grandmother uses the word â€Å"conscience† to threat Bailey with the idea that he is going to put his children in danger, so he would give up the trip to Florida.In Katherine Keil's article â€Å"O'Connor's ‘Good Man is Hard to Find'†, Katherine analyzes â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and comments that â€Å"the grandmother shows her indifference for creation by selfishly manipulating and nagging to get her way on the family's vacation â€Å"(Keil 45).Keil's analysis is reasonable because through the int eractions between the grandmother and other family members on the issue about the family trip, the grandmother is used to manipulate people's decisions by taking advantage of the vulnerable side of people's mind and being selfish without knowing it herself. The kids, John Wesley and June Star, are innocent compare to their selfish grandmother. After the family encounter The Misfit in the country, John Wesley notices that The Misfit is holding a gun, so he asks him: â€Å"‘What you got that gun for?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(O'Connor 410).Under this kind of circumstance, probably most of the people would be quiet in order to avoid trouble, but John Wesley mentions the gun just because he is simply curious. Unfortunately, his inquiry brings The Misfit into action, and results in tragedy. Although The Misfit is not present until the final pages of the story, he influences the story from the exposition of the story when the grandmother tells Bailey that he flees from the prison, and is on th e way to Florida.The author uses a clear and detailed direct characterization to portray The Misfit when he first appears in the story. The author describes him as a man whose Hair just beginning to gray and he wore silver rimmed spectacles that gave him a scholarly look.He had a long creased face and didn't have on any shirt or undershirt. He had on blue jeans that were too tight for him and was holding a black hat and a gun. (O'Connor 410) It is easy for the readers to realize that he is an antagonist from his appearance– long ceased face, unsuited clothes, holding a gun, a typical image of villains.The conversations between The Misfit and the grandmother also reveal the evil inside The Misfit. After the execution of Bailey and his son, The Misfit tells the grandmother that he † found out the crime doesn't matter. You can do one thing or you can do another, kill a man or take a tire off his car, because sooner you're going to forget what it was you done and just be pu nished for it†(O'Connor 414).John Desmond's, a professor of English at Whitman College made comment in his article that † the Misfit acts under the delusion that his actions are somehow good, i. e.  good for him. Since he cannot make sense of his spiritual condition, he now tries to reduce ethical mystery to a perverse pleasure-pain principle†(Desmond135).Desmond's comment reveals the characteristic of The Misfit because The Misfit's demeanor exhibits that his values is tangled, and he has developed his own philosophy, which is evil and lawless. As a result, his philosophy blinded his conscience, and make his sinful actions look naturally appropriate to himself. Besides characterization, foreshadowing is also a significant literary element throughout the story .The author uses foreshadowing to give the story its air of suspense, and to hint the outcome of the story. At the beginning of the story, the grandmother refers to the news that â€Å"The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida† (O'Connor 402). Initially, the grandmother just wants to use this scary news to threaten Bailey, and tries to change his mind. The reference to a dangerous criminal raises a sign of hazardousness. The grandmother's dress on the day of departure also foreshadows the misfortune of the family.â€Å"[S]he had on navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collars and cuffs were organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet†(O'Connor 404). In the book Short Stories for Students, the author of the article ‘Overview: â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ analysis that † as the family prepares to embark on their vacation, the grandmother plans her outfit with an eye toward tragedy†(Short Stories for Students 103).Wilson's analysis is fair because whe n people die, they usually are dressed in their best outfit, just like the grandmother is dressed in her best clothes, so its clear that the grandmother holds a pessimistic view on the family trip. On their way to Florida, the family â€Å"passed a large cotton field with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island†(O'Connor 404).It is pretty disturbing for people who are on a family trip to see thing like graveyard, and the number of the graves clearly represent the six family members, including the baby. When the family are waiting for help after the accident, they encounter TheMisfit, who drives â€Å"a big black battered hearse-like automobile† (O'Connor 409). It is very obvious that the appearance of the car is a vigorous example of foreshadowing, which foreshadows the tragedy that is about to happen. In Arthur F. Bethea's article, he states that â€Å"O'Connor's villain is relentlessly associated with death: he worked as an undertaker, dri ves a black â€Å"hearse-like automobile,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(Bethea 239). Bthea's interpretation is vigorous because the image of a hearse-like automobile gives rise to a bodeful ambience which perfectly foreshadows the debut of The Misfit.Other than characterization and foreshadowing, irony is another essential literary element that helps to carry out the purpose and the theme of the whole story. Both verbal irony and situational irony are used by the author in this story to illustrate how the grandmother's manipulative behaviors lead the whole family into deadly situation.In the exposition of the story, the grandmother warns Bailey that she â€Å"wouldn't take [her] children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it â€Å"(O'Connor 402).Ironically, she is exactly the person who take the family into dangerousness when she deliberately excites the children in order to force Bailey to take them to see the plantation, where they meet The Misfit. In order to convince Bailey , the grandmother announces that taking the kids to the old plantation â€Å"would be very educational for them†(O'Connor 408). To educate the children is not the purpose of the trip to the plantation in the grandmother's mind, it is just a excuse that used to disguise her selfishness.In Stanley Renne's article he comments that the grandmother is a â€Å"blind old woman, a failed parent who has ruined her own offspring, with a false and destructive dream of the past and an equally false and destructive self-perception in the present†(Renner 127).Renne's analysis is reasonable because the grandmother always wants others to accept her idea, and force his family members to do what she thinks is right and what she thinks is good for them, but the grandmother doesn't perceive that herself is being selfish and nostalgic all the time.As a result of her selfishness and nostalgia, the grandmother ultimately brings misfortune to the family. After the car accident, the kid says: â€Å"But nobody's killed†(O'Connor 409) with great disappointment. It is very awkward that a kid could has this kind of horrible thought, and it is an example of verbal irony because at the end of the story every family member gets killed eventually. Another irony happens when the grandmother is giving her grandkids a lecture on respecting others.She announces that in the old times â€Å"children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else†(O'Connor 404), but at the same time, she saw an African American child on the roadside and says: â€Å"Oh look at that cute pickninny† (O'Connor 404). It is ironic that the grandmother is teaching her grandkids the importance of respect while she calls an African American child pickninny, which is disrespectful.In Stephen Brandy's article he analysis and describe the grandmother as a old woman who † is filled with the prejudices of her class and her time† (Brandy 110). Brandy 's comment is agreeable because although the grandmother's conversations make her seems like a nice and traditional Southern old lady, her mindless insult on African Americans reveals that the racism is rooted in her mind for a very long time that even herself does not notice it, or she ignore this issue deliberately.I the short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, the author applies characterization, foreshadowing, and irony to illustrate the theme that the tendency to manipulate people's actions and thoughts may introduce tragic outcomes to the love ones. By using both direct and indirect characterization, the author is able to portray the characters in detail, and create a vivid image of interactions between characters.Foreshadowing is also a important literary element that the author applies in this short story because foreshadowing gives the story its air of suspense thus make the story more interesting and dramatic. Through both situational irony and verbal irony, t he author shows how the grandmother's character trait brings misfortune to the family, and unlock the theme of the story. Being manipulative not only distances a person from his or her family, but also could cause trouble to the love ones.

P1 Outline the responsibilities of the levels of government in the UK Essay

Government Department Responsibilities Ministry Of defence This department has responsibility for the British Army, the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. This department is regulated by the Secretary of state for defence and three other junior Ministers, specifically the Minister of State for the armed forces, the under-secretary of state for defence and Minster for Veterans. The Ministry of defence’s job is to decide the policies and earning for all three armed services and decide budgets to. Ministry Of Justice From charge to release the ministry of Justice is responsible for the courts, prisons and Probation Services. The Home Office The Home office has a prime responsibility; they are responsible for civilian services such as the passport and Immigration service, drug policies and the Police. Department Of Communities and Local Government This department is responsible for The Uk’s fire and Rescue service. It is regulated by the secretary of state for communities and local Government and Numerous junior Ministers. The departments job is to allocate the local Government with supply’s to fund the Fire and rescue Service. The Department also improves the Rescue national policies and priorities. On the other hand this department is also responsible for local government although it’s non-uniformed it is still a necessary service. Department For Health This department has responsibility for the national Health Service. They are responsible for the Ambulance service to. Independent Police Complaints commission This department deals with complaints within the Police service. There responsibility is to carry out investigations on serious matters. Some of the complaints made might be related to incidents involving death or injury, police corruption, police racism or perverting the course of justice. HM Revenue and Customs This department is responsible for collecting taxes it also has responsibility for the customs and exercise service. Inspectorates and HM inspectorates To ensure the even running of particular public services the government has given this responsibility to the HMI The defence Vetting Agency This agency carries out national security checks its responsible for checking anyone who joins the Armed services, civilians who work with the Ministry of Defence, civilian contractors or any other checks in government departments. Quality Care Commission This department’s responsibility is to make sure all health care and social care including private healthcare in England is met to the quality standards required and that patients are getting the care they expect.

Christian love

Christianity is often associated with several key concepts, two of which are love and justice.   However, it is crucial to define these two terms to arrive at a clearer understanding.   This paper seeks to discuss the Christian view of love and justice. What is love? More importantly, what is Christian love? What are the characteristics of Christian love? Paul B. Henry enumerates the characteristics. One, love is â€Å"voluntarily given.[1]† It is not forced, or demanded.   Christian love is all about willingness to give and share.   One cannot seek love; it can only be received if it is willingly delivered.   It cannot be called love if it is by force or manipulation.   One should not be compelled to submit.   Love is only love when it is willingly given; it cannot be derived any other way.   Suppose a woman is engaged to be married to a man her parents chose for her.   She does not love this person, but she will marry him.   The marriage may demand her to love her husband, and she might.   However, this is not real love.   Real love is not demanded or demanding.   It is always willing. Second, love is â€Å"personally mediated.[2]†Ã‚   Christian love is personal.   There is no such thing as loving impersonally.   Since love is voluntary, it follows that is also personal.   It is simply because when one willingly gives something, it automatically denotes a personal decision.   Say for example, a college student decides to give a friend a gift, even when there is no occasion. The gift comes from the willingness to give, and the act of giving is personal decision.   This person decided to give a present out of her own free will.   In turn, the choice of the gift is personal as well.   Love is personal insofar as it exhibits the exercise of one’s free will. Third, love always entails sacrifice.   One wants give up something for the welfare of another.   Suppose a mother has enough money to purchase a new pair of shoe to replace her old, worn pair.   At the last minute, however, her child needs something for a class project.   The mother will then postpone the purchase of the shoes to give way to her daughter.   Because there is no extra money, the mother will put the child’s need first.   That is sacrifice. Lastly, love is â€Å"beyond ordinary moral obligation.[3]†Ã‚   To begin with, it is not an obligation.   If one is feels the need to fulfill an obligation, it is not voluntary.   It is not personal, either.   It is because there will be an external factor that will burden to oblige. Now that the main characteristics of love have been discussed, justice should also be elucidated.   What characterizes Christian justice? First, justice should apply to all.   It is â€Å"universal, eternal and objective.[4]†Ã‚   Since God is the Supreme Being that reigns through all the creatures of the earth, justice should also cover everything that God created Second, justice should also be contained within a specific social structure[5].   God’s creations are diverse, and the people themselves are diverse.   If justice was constructed as such that it was too general, it would not appeal to the specific attributes.   Justice may be universal but it is not general. Third, justice provides methods and guidelines that when followed, it will further the premises of justice[6].   Take human rights, for example.   If human rights are honored, people will be respected and treated as individuals, and when human beings are treated as human beings, there is justice. Fourth, justice is objective and stands apart from human intervention.   The rules of justice will not be bent because of human volition.   It can stand alone, and must be applied to all.   Subjectivity can only cause injustice.   As was earlier mentioned, justice is universal yet specific. The characteristics of love and justice have been dealt with, and the focus is now on both concepts.   How are love and justice related? Can they exist together? How does love and justice differ? How are they similar? According to Henry, â€Å"love and justice cannot stand juxtaposed.[7]†Ã‚   It is because love may transcend the very concept of justice, but it cannot be sustained with something less that justice.   Both concepts are related but the relationship between the two cannot be called equal.   It is not equal because the premises of one concept may exceed or fall short of the other. For example, justice can exert power to achieve its desired effect, but love cannot do the same.   As was earlier discussed, love must be voluntary.   It cannot demand results.   It must not resort to force to establish its ends.   On the other hand, justice exerts power to maintain its characteristics.   For one, for justice to subsist in a specific social order, power must be applied. David Tracy also points out a dependency between love and justice.   Justice needs love in the sense that it must not be abusive of its power.   The two concepts should co-exist in a way that both can manifest their differences but at the same time, highlight their similarities.     Tracy writes: â€Å"Love should empower all Christians to struggle for the self-affirmation intrinsic to the struggle for justice†¦[8]† Here in this statement, he describes that love can fulfill its end, an end that is needed in the fulfillment of justice.   He also states that love should always consider justice, because without it, it can be overtly â€Å"sentimental.[9]†Ã‚   Moreover, justice should also be with love because it might be too preoccupied with power.   It might be â€Å"self-righteous.[10]† Love and justice are indeed two important and related key concepts of Christianity.   Love is willing, it is deeply personal, it entails self-sacrifice and it is beyond an obligation.   When one says â€Å"God is Love,† these characteristics come to mind.   God’s love is willing; He does not demand love from His people.   He wants His people to love Him willingly. Despite the number of people He created, His love for each and every one is personal.   He sacrificed His own Son to save the people from sin.   Lastly, He loves not out of obligation; He loves because He wants to.   In addition, God is universal and eternal, and His terms of justice are objective.   These two concepts come from God, and these concepts describe Him too.   This is the Christian view of love and justice. Bibliography Henry, Paul. â€Å"Love, Power and Justice,† Christian Century (1977): 1088. Tracy, David. â€Å"God is Love: The Central Christian Metaphor,† The Living Pulpit 1, no.3 (1992): 10. [1]Paul B. Henry, â€Å"Love, Power and Justice,† Christian Century (1977): 1088. [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid. [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] David Tracy, â€Å"God is Love: The Central Christian Metaphor,† The Living Pulpit 1,no. 3 (1992):10. [9] Ibid. [10] Ibid.

The Main Causes of a Major Problem in Our Society Essay

The Main Causes of a Major Problem in Our Society - Essay Example The human society comprises of many deep-rooted problems that need to be understood and tackled. The solving of problems makes it essential to understand the underlying causes of these issues. Many societal problems can be managed if their causes are known and targeted for proper solutions. Teen pregnancy is a major problem that exists in our society and it results in many negative effects. These include social and economic problems as well as health issues for the teen mothers. This may also be accompanied with psychological stress for the young teenage mothers. Furthermore, these young girls are also unable to complete their education. Therefore, it is important that the reasons of teen pregnancy should be known and solved. A low socioeconomic status as the well lower level of education and societal forces are responsible for the rise in the number of teen pregnancies (Donaldson et al 2003; Miller 2006; Thomas 2009). Teenagers who belong to lower socioeconomic groups have a higher tendency for becoming pregnant through their young ages. This is because people belonging to low socioeconomic groups thrive in poor living conditions which result in stress and disturbed households. This provides for the teenagers to opt for sexual behaviors for the attainment of pleasure. Furthermore, mostly the parents of these children are lowly paid and they stay away from home for work for extended periods of time.

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Business - Essay Example In the context of the above statement, the firm’s operational activities have been aligned, as possible, with the principles of the Global Compact (U.N. Global Compact, The Ten Principles). Particular emphasis has been given on the 8th and 9th principles of the Global Compact, i.e. the development of initiatives to promote environmental responsibility, 8th principle, and the encouragement of the development of technologies that are environmentally friendly, 9th principle (U.N. Global Compact, The Ten Principles). ... ing units that use CO2 as a refrigerant’ (PepsiCo, Climate Change) and b2) the firm has promoted green building in all its facilities internationally (PepsiCo, Climate Change). 1. Lessons Learnt The application of the above practices has helped towards the promotion of the 8th and 9th principles of the Global Compact. An indication of the success of the firm’s efforts in the specific field is the following fact: in 2009 the firm was given a series of awards from ‘the U.S. Green Building Council’ (PepsiCo, Climate Change) for its facilities – built in accordance with the green building standards, as set by the above Council. On the other hand, the use of rocks in India for advertising reasons, an initiative, which set the local ecosystem in risk, proved that not all the firm’s practices are aligned with sustainability (The Peninsula 2002). However, the firm’s major competitor, Coke, which also used a similar practice, has also failed in fully aligning its practices with the principles of sustainability (The Peninsula 2002). It should be noted though that the practices of Coke in the area of sustainability, have resulted to important environmental benefits: for example, in 2009 the carbon footprint of the firm was reduced at 11.5% compared to 2007; also, the promotion of green building policies in the firm’s facilities worldwide (Environmental Leader 2010). 2. Recommendations The firm’s current policies in regard to sustainability (referring especially to the promotion of the 8th and 9th principles of the Global Compact) would be further improved through the following practices: a) development of sustainable-related programmes which will be supported by the locals (Ritchie 2000, 51) ; reference is made to community-based sustainable initiatives

Poem Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Poem Analysis - Essay Example ng the lines in Yeats’ â€Å"Second Coming† with Sassoon’s â€Å"Glory of Women†, I would say that one of their similarities would be how their poem described the dire conditions of the World War and how it seeps out the life and joy of people. An example of some intersections between the lines of the â€Å"Second Coming† and â€Å"Glory of Women† would be, â€Å"Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere. The ceremony of innocence is drowned† from The Second Coming; and â€Å"You crown our distant ardours while we fight, And mourn our laurelled memories when were killed. You cant believe that British troops retire. When hells last horror breaks them, and they run, Trampling the terrible corpses--blind with blood,† from â€Å"Glory of Women†, which both talks about the casualties of war (Glory of Women, n.d.). All three poems have a similar theme, expressing the occurrences during the World War. All three are interconnected in such a way that â€Å"Glory of Women† details the experiences of people during the World War; â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum† then foretells of the aftermath of the World War, where the living conditions are undesirable; while â€Å"The Second Coming† gives hope to an escape from the cruel world through the hope of the coming of a savior that will end all suffering and

Genres in the Book of Revelation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Genres in the Book of Revelation - Essay Example Considering the apocalyptic approach, there exists no clear proof that the author had found basis on non-canonical Jewish apocalyptic literature despite the efforts of comparison made between the Book of Revelation and non-biblical Jewish writings within the span 200 BC to AD 200. Revelation evidently utilizes symbolism and visions with surreal imagery of beasts and angelic mediators, declares divine judgment, emphasizes the kingdom of God, prophesies a new heavens and a new earth, and consists of a dualism of ages. On exhibiting the text’s prophetic attribute, however, the author of Revelation uses the words: ‘prophecy’, ‘prophesy’, ‘prophesying’, ‘prophet’, and ‘prophets’ which are mentioned twenty-one times interchangeably throughout the book. ... n effect, the reading individual manages to contemplate as the prophet does on God’s word as the former tends to designate himself within the prophet’s line of thought which eventually directs one to follow the divine information with ease. Knowing that the Book of Revelation is also detailed in an apocalyptic manner, it concerns me to ponder deeply on the fate of mankind once the world meets its end. I know that everything on earth is perishable so as one major practical application of this book in terms of its apocalyptical substance, I would treat each day or moment as if it were the last in order that I could make the most of it by encouraging myself initially to be happy then sharing this happiness to the people within my circle of influence that they may find ease in dealing with life’s ordeals and possibly understand what love means exactly through joyfulness. This way, there emerges a high chance of being led towards righteousness without fear of the myst erious end. (2) Galatians 4:4-5 states â€Å"But, when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might receive the full rights of sons.†Ã‚   During this time, the culture is significantly bound by the rules or discipline imposed via the law which men created for themselves. Under these circumstances, Galatians 4:4-5 statement alludes the fact that since it is God’s ultimate desire to reach out to his creation and make his love known to men for the sake of salvation, by virtue of humility, He acknowledged having the design of Incarnation to be within the confines of human functions and regulations. In this manner, men had been able to obtain knowledge of God and faith with convenience at the time for it is in the comfort of their

Personal and Profesional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal and Profesional Development - Essay Example On the other hand, professional development is a continuous improvement in a person’s career, not a one-time thing; it aims at assessing and skill improvement to increase one’s value in an organization. This enhances individual’s future in an organization especially with the ever changing and advanced world of modernity and technological enhancement (Masters, Wallace & Harwood, 2011). Professional development includes several facilitated learning opportunities which range from college degrees or university to formal coursework, seminars, conferences as well as informal learning, Professional development is known to be intensive and collaborative due to its evaluative stages. Therefore, it has to be noted that Professional development comprises several approaches that include the following, reflective supervision, lesson study, consultation, mentorship, coaching and technical assistance. There are several individual who participate in professional development on the daily basis from different fields with an aim of enhancing their demand at the place of work, for instance, health practitioners, lawyers, teachers, military officers and accountants just to mention a few, engage in professional development with an objective of lifelong learning as a way of improving professional competence in order to boost their career, to keep pace with ever-changing technology and practice or sometime to comply with a measure put in place by organizational regulatory body, in some cases individuals may be subjected to meet the professional development courses as a requirement established by human resource department (Wadhwa, 2008). Personal development, on the other hand, may comprise the art of developing other people too. This can be achieved through roles, for instance, mentoring or teaching by the way of personal competence.( for example, a manager who has particular skill, may use it

Should There Be a Market in Human Organs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should There Be a Market in Human Organs - Essay Example I believe that the rich in the contemporary capitalist societies have immense influence in the way business is conducted and they control many market forces such trade policy which in most case sideline the poor. Given the disadvantaged position of the poor in comparison to the rich, it would be unfair to expect that the two groups would compete favorably. In fact, it would be same as telling the rich that the poor have to give the rich their organs for them to give them money. The rich, and every other person who is in a vantage point, has a moral duty to give to the poor without conditions such as they have to get their organs in return (Kishore, 2005). Assuming that the people buying these human organs are all patients who need organs in order to rectify a medical condition, only those patients who can afford to buy organs will get them and the others will unjustly be left out. Those who get to buy these organs might not be in need of an organ as seriously as the ones who cannot afford them but because of their economic affordability, they will get and the poor ones will be left wallow in their pain and agony. This is especially so in a free trade market where the supply of human organs and their prices will not be regulated and only the highest bidder will benefit. Opponents to the claim that a market in human organs undermines justice can charge that such a market would show regard for autonomy. However, I believe that the power of money to bait an individual who is morally competent to give in to a transaction compromises the individual’s autonomy and this is what a market in human organs would do (Cherry, 2005). Trading human organs would undermine the virtue of altruism because it would attach monetary value to human relationships. Altruism makes a person to put the concerns and welfare of others before his

Service Encounters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Encounters - Essay Example The industry has also attracted more investors leading to a high competition for the market for the services. The management of an organization is therefore charged with a responsibility of ensuring that they acquire and sustain a competitive advantage over the other competing organizations that provide similar services. To be able to achieve this, the management relies on their employees to provide the customers with the level of satisfaction that can make the customers develop good reputations for the organization (Connoley, n.d, p.5). In this regard, it will be the major role of the front-line officers in a service industry to ensure that there is a kind of rapport created between them and the customers at the first instant in order to retain the customers for a long time. One of the key issues to be addressed in the service industry is how the customers perceive the kind of service that they are given by the particular industry. This is primarily determined by the kind of ‘ dyadic’ interaction that occurs between the customers and the service providers (Bitner et al, 1990, p2). The service encounter and subsequent relationship developed between the customers and the front office service providers make the management of the organizations value the employees as one of the most valuable assets in the organization. Customers and the service personnel in service organizations The diverse expectations of the participants in a service industry makes social encounters complicated in a number of ways. Firstly, the employees that are delivering the service need to derive some level of job satisfaction in the way they perform their duties. There is also a need to satisfy the needs of the customers in the industry. This makes these two actors become important participants in the service industry (Solomon et al, 1985, p). The quality of services provided by a given organization may be pointed out by the customers. The complaints that are given by the custome rs concerning the quality of the services offered by an organization can help the management of the organization establish the cause of a given problem in the delivery process (Tax & Brown, 1998, p.2). There are different views on the quality of the services offered depending on the industry itself. For instance, in hotel industry, what can be considered as quality service is the peaceful stay that has been accorded to a given customer in a given hotel. The quality of a service then follows the perception that the customers have about it. It was observed that in hotel industry, ‘the expectations and the perceptions of the customers are crucial because they are involved in the performance of the service’ (Kusluvan, 2003, p.265). However, there are important factors that impede the inclusion of the customers in the service quality management by the organization. Each of the customers in a given hotel has some unique demands and want to be served in a manner that suits thi s individual demands (Kusluvan, 2003, p.265). The service providers are then charged with a difficult task of keeping a wide track of the different customer demands. Besides, unlike the production industries where the quality of the products can be measured against the original standards that had been established, the quality a service may not be specifically broken down to the individual tangible components. The perception of the custome

British Columbia Ambulance Service (BCAS) Research Paper

British Columbia Ambulance Service (BCAS) - Research Paper Example An airevac programme has both a rotary and fixed wing aircraft for efficiency handles special cases. Sometimes BCAS covers other stations on the grounds of emergency and system loads (Llc 42). BCAS is an equal employer. It frequently hires emergency medical responders (EMR), primary care paramedics (PCP), critical care paramedics (CCP), advanced care Paramedics, infant transport team paramedics (IIT) and other management and casuals in accordance to the availability of the vacancy. Eligibility of the applicants has consideration on paperwork completion and more preference on those who have pre employment on the medical field. Formal employments are available to the applicants who are eligible immediately a vacancy is available. The eligibility list becomes active for a full year. The primary requirements for hiring at BCAS requires an individual to have a valid PCP, ITT, CPP, ACP, and EMR license which is issued by the Emergency Medical Assistant Licensing board. A valid driver’s license probably class one, two or 4 BC is mandatory. A legal work entitlement in Canada is also a need alongside A CPR level C certificate with one-year validity. The employee should also satisfy Criminal Record Review act and be of 19 year of age. Grade 12 graduate diploma or its equivalence is the minimal academic qualification. The recruiter gives several written exams as in addition to the first entry exam for eligibility test (David A. Boyes 87). BCAS employee should be of good morals and regular availability for ambulance duties. BCAS accepts applications and follows a given strategy for hiring. For one to be of consideration has to complete the application form for employment. Human resources department does choice of the working area and another clarification before the shortlisted candidate gets an interview invitation for further eligibility gauge. After success in

Radisson Hotels Essay Example for Free

Radisson Hotels Essay Radisson Hotels defines their service guarantee very clearly through five strategies that must be focused on. These strategies are a focus on the customer, to provide individualized marketing and services, to develop hotels in key locations, to leverage the Carlson companies, and to strengthen global brand presence (Schroeder, 2006). One of the key ways that the Radisson Hotels implements their service guarantee is through the Yes I Can training program (2008). This program empowers the front line employees to take of situations for the customer without long chains of command to deal with first. This program encompasses the organizations service philosophy and allows the front line employees to meet the needs and wants of the individual customer. In an organization of this magnitude utilizing fully integrated technology is a necessity in todays fast paced and global society. Radisson Hotels found that by utilizing a world wide reservation system, which provided instant access to availability at any of the Radisson locations worldwide (2008). This made reservations much simpler for the customer, travel agents, and businesses trying to book rooms in multiple places on a regular basis. Since this was the first of its kind, it gave Radisson Hotels a competitive advantage. Technology can also be utilized to accelerate the improvement of service quality through what Radisson Hotels calls the Customer KARE System. This system allows employees of any of the worldwide Radisson Hotels to access information on customer service expectations of specific customers. This allows the customers to receive the same service that they had expected at any other Radisson that they had stayed at. This system also allowed the marketing department to instantaneously notice trends and other demographic information for certain geographic locations. Radisson Hotels has implemented an Express Yourself (Schroeder, 2006) pre-arrival check in system to allow customers the convenience of checking in without spending time at the front desk. In order to improve measurement of customer service, Radisson Hotels could implement a self check out computer system that asks a few quick quality and service questions as the check out process is completed. Radisson Hotels could also implement a call back to ensure the customers received what they were expecting once their stay is completed. This would help to solidify loyalty out of a customer because when the customer knows that the hotel cares enough to call and make sure they were satisfied without any provocation, the customer is more likely to continue staying at those hotels.

The Lobbying In Tourism Tourism Essay

The Lobbying In Tourism Tourism Essay In all big business making projects there have always been rigging and bonds. It the past it used to be called bribery and now days, due to its improved form and sophisticate way it is done, it is said to be lobbying. Who are the lobbyists in tourism? How can they advantage from favouring certain group of people and certain destinations? Is it the matter of well done lobbying the promotion of a certain destination? Lobbying and marketing how are these actually connected? Is it up to the lobbyists that some good values have lost their importance? To what extent have the Internet and mass media influenced the style and awareness formation of the certain destination and is it also a kind of lobbying? To what extent is lobbying good for some people, destinations and projects and what is the role of the civil sector in such processes? These are just some of questions necessary to be resolved in order to get acquitted with the occurrence more and more present in modern travel industry. I t is all about huge amounts of money and because of this tourism will become (even more) interesting to the lobbyists. Very often people wonder how it could be that certain projects are completed on time and how only the certain group of people takes a part in these? Many of these people were not supposed to deal with such projects, many of these companies did not have the best offer; yet they managed to participate in the projects. How it is possible for an individual to make just a few steps and suddenly to become an important participant? Lobbying is one of the best possible answers. It is well featured in business where it is everything about the large sum of money as well as where the great national and social interest is concerned. Who the lobbyists are- in some cases it is known who they are, while in some others they are like some secret societies, pretty mysterious. It is the second half of the twentieth century when lobbying in tourism started to bloom. It was the moment when the mass tourism flourished along with the great number of receptive objects built and numerous tourism fairs held-a ll these were/are a fantastic medium for the lobbyists to expand their influence. Many high school and college principals as well as hotel/motel and tourist organisation managers are also involved in the process of lobbying- there are interests everywhere- not necessarily financial, why some things are done in such way and why certain people do these. The notion lobbying comes from the English word lobby which denotes the area that is just inside a large building, where people can meet and wait .In this space members of the British Parliament used to negotiate, make some arrangements and exchange the information. That is how the notion of lobbying was formed (to try to influence a politician or the government to do or not to do something). In both British and American system of government it is incorporated organization dealing with legislative processes in such way as to represent industrial .and other interests  [1]  . In case of tourism, the usual lobbyists are the governments of some countries as well as those who want something to be done as they like it and in order to gain some profit. Very often ordinary people are not acquainted with this, due to well skilled professionals. Supremacy and domination are important parts in all spheres of life and lobbying as such is fine means to achieve this. 1. LOBBYING IN SERBIA In Serbia, lobbying will no longer be operated in a secret way and away from the public eye; on the contrary, it will be an occupation in which franchised professionals will be involved. In July, 2009, there was the proposition of The Lobbying Law created, so that lobbying could become an occupation as any other. According to this law, there will be unique Professional Lobbyist Register Office to deal with the rules of lobbying and to control those who operate opposite the way it is predicted. In such Bill it is said that lobbying is the way for the interested party to achieve impact on some participants in both judicial power and legislation, so as such regulations co no harm on the interested parties or they can benefit from them. The impact has to be explained in full details and at the same time truthful, useful and meaningful and at the same time it should do no harm on other participants by the time it is put into practice. Lobbying involves all the activities done with purpose to influence decision making within public authorities. The purpose of such law is to make lobbying process public and transparent, to make it available to be easily controlled by the executive and legislative authorities and prevent lobbying to act in the way opposite the legal regulations. (The draft of the Lobbying Law outline). In this law it is also mentioned that a lobbyist is a natural person or an entity and lobbying is an activity with purpose to achieve some influence on the processes within the executive and legislative authorities. It would be necessary for all those who want to do this job to have a licence, the written document, obtained from the Lobbyist Board. Furthermore, this law states who can be a lobbyist and even something more important-who are those having no rights to do such activity, and they are: officials, members of State Budget Agency, members of the official managing and supervising boards i.e. all those whose activity may cause conflict of interests . Lobbyist activity is available to the public according to the law, although certain pieces of information are confidential as to protect clients and their privacy. Up to the moment when the law is passed, lobbying is an activity done by the influential people who are amateurs only according to their education and can not get the licence; they are businessmen having chief influence on decision making and profit sharing. 2. LOBBYING AND TOURISM In case of tourism, lobbying can be considered to be any communications made by employees in the tourism industry, firstly with the potential clients as the way he checks his lobbying skills namely, if he is a good lobbyist, he can turn a potential client into the client and succeed in taking his Leisure time and money and provide certain services for him. The contact and the invisible services presentation to the client is one kind of lobbying as well as that involves certain skills. Zoran Ivanovic, a professor at the Faculty of Management in Tourism and Hospitality in Opatija mentioned, at he Congress of the Hotel and Tourism Management, held in Opatija in 2008 that what matters is the essential skills and competences, rather than knowledge. This thought is actually a definition of well done lobbying. It is necessary to improve knowledge continuously and keep working on it. Those possessing a kind of passive knowledge can possibly be lost in a wide range of scientific knowledge. S kills and competencies are taught and and it is their ongoing practice and improvement that can lead to the results, no matter what activities we consider negotiations, lobbying, or when we simply want to leave a good impression. Competencies  [2]  and skills  [3]  and lobbying are essential for tourism. Tourism, defined as moving of people from their place of residence to another with a lot of money spent there, is actually an industry selling its services without to be checked previously. All these so called activities, being not previously checked must be sold and must be properly displayed in order to be purchased. It is claimed that one or even more tourist seasons largely depend on lobbyists it can be so due to the fact that the lobbyists are those who often create trends and images and they are exactly the ones who do the promotion trends actually depend on them, they are those who people believe in or vice versa. One of the most important skills of lobbyists and people working in tourism is the rhetoric. Is one of the seven antique, ancient skills and indicates the way communication is accomplished and the information transmitted. Unfortunately, students at the Faculties of Tourism in Serbia do not have a chance to acquaint with this, but it is essential for this profession. It is important for the lobbyists because they have to know how to state what they want to and how, by using the smallest possible numbers of words announce anything. It can be said that lobbying is an officially new skill in Serbia but it is sure that it used to exist in tourism and some other industries a long time ago and that lobbyist used to be well paid for the job done. So far lobbying in Serbia has been concerned to mean bribery and corruption, but in some other the EU countries management contracts and awards for the completed projects are not the news. It is exactly what Serbia attains to. To award someone means that you honour hisher work and merit for certain things. Lobbying can make some tourist destinations become staple, it can have to do with sustainable development, it can promote some an idea concerning tourism-all these depend on the one who orders lobbying services. When tourism is taken into consideration, each government should have lobbyists in some of the organizations such as: UNESCO, ICOM, ICOMOS, etc. It will be possible than to present natural beauties and projects related to their protection and those lobbyists should have task to convince the officials there that it is their project that it is most urgent and should be the first financed because it is unique, special and endangeredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all these activities have to do with rhetoric, good presentation and good impression the officials get. 3. LOBBYING AS THE CREATIVE INDUSTRY SEGMENT The concept of creative industry features the description of conceptual and practical merging of creative arts (individual talent) along with cultural industries (mass) and altogether in the context of Informational and Communication Technology that is a part of new economic knowledge that newly created interactive users-consumers can partake. (Hartley, John ed. 2007:11) It can not be a priori claimed that lobbying is a creative industry segment, but the definition part stating that creative industries directly imply to creative arts merging -out of this it can be concluded that an individual talent can be related to lobbying. One of the greatest talents is rhetoric, previously mentioned but the talent also involves personal image, the communication manners, dress code, style and all the things that have to do with a certain task and is considered to be proper professional and ethic conduct of a lobbyist himself. One thing is certain when we talk about lobbyists and it is the way they look like and how he wants to achieve his goals. In tourism, it is of core importance the contacts with people not being so well positioned and whose satisfaction dictates the tourist destination and product rating on the market these people are outgoing and sales managers who according to their impressions transmit the messages to their employees and to the consumers as well. We can consider that lobbying as an activity can be done at a certain tourist destination and lobbyists would be the tourist guides and reception staff. It is the ability to animate the guests one of the most important in tourism and at the same time can be perceived as lobbying. Well performed and high quality tourist animation can produce satisfied consumers who will by word of mouth communication become the best sales managers for a given destination or a tourist product. In tourism, lobbying lasts much longer than a tourist arrangement itself-it starts from the moment when a potential customer steps into a travel agents, tries to decide on the destination product  [4]  , stays at the certain destination and finally shares his feedback, very important for the tourist agents itself. Even negative feedback is important, because a good manager is at the same time a good lobbyist and he will do anything to turn such negative experiences into something positive and will not let them have any publicity. Creativity that can be found in lobbying is widely defined and what matters is the level on which lobbying is done. When we talk about tourist agents and hotels lobbying can be done by animators and so it will not be necessary for them to have a classic lobbying licence for them it is necessary to possess talent and ability in order to make the tourists buy something, go on excursions organized by the certain local agent. On larger scales of states, huge markets and destinations it is not only necessary for a lobbyist to have a licence but to have knowledge concerning tourist legality as well.In this case it is essential for a lobyst to be good at rhetoric and to be well informed and to be in possession of exact items of information. At the same time there is no need for animation and if it happens to ocur it should be done in a descrete manner. 4. LOBBYING OR HOW TO PUT IT IN PRACTICE? It is not easy to be a lobbyist in societies which are xenophobic and used to have totalitarian regime. The idea of democracy is pretty new in the former Yugoslavia area of and it can not be understood that the representation of other peoples interests, negotiation and urging do not equal bribery and corruption. That is why it is important that professionals introduce and put lobbying into practice in order that audience gets impression that they are businessmen like any others. In Serbia, one of the obstacles is that there is no lobbying as a subject at the faculties. At VERN University in Croatia, students at the economic enterprise department have a chance to choose The Introduction to Lobbying as the optional subject. In further course description it is explained that in democratic systems it is not unusual activity for somebody to practice lobbying-on the contrary, it is legitimate means to achieve certain goals and represent the interests. Various legal acts regulate lobbying, and lobbyists have to be incorporated and have to respect the rules and some codes. Lobbyists are those representatives of big companies and business sector, national and local governments, as many other representatives of non-government sector and other interest groups. Due to the fact that lobbying is closely tied with political system, legislation, media and international level, it is the multidisciplinary approach that will be applied on problem solving in this course. The In troduction to Lobbying staff wants to stress the importance of this concept and its practicing in modern political, social and economic life. Even what is more important that we want the student to acquire skills and abilities which will enable him to develop business possibilities. It is this course that will help you to find some answers for the following questions: how to get to the right information and what to do in order to accomplish and protect ones goals? The students are expected to imagine life situations and by applying what they have learned try to find the best, or the least harmful possible solutions. (www.vern.hr/program//IvancicI-Vodic%20kroz%20kolegij.doc) Out of this description it can be concluded that lobbying is necessary and at the same time permeates all spheres of industry. As for someone to become a lobbyist in tourism industry, he/she has to master knowledge from tourism and be well versed in non-verbal communication. This non-verbal communication is necessary linked with animation and especially in case of tourism. Lobbying is also tightly linked with animation and non verbal communication especially in some tourism spheres. The development of business tourism is one of the important aspects not only in our country,but the worldwide, too. Business clients are educated pepole who travel round the world visiting different fairs, conferences, symposiums business meetings and many other business activities and protocols so it is of core imprtance what impression he/she will get of the host country. The business clients are said to represent the country to possible tourists in best way. According to the latest research conducted by SITE (Society of Incentive and Travel Executives), 76 % of American executive directors claim that business fairs and professional congresses are the main reasons for them to travel,and even 80% of the worlds top managers claim that these events are the most imporatant sources of the information they need and possibilities to make new business contracts. In what way it is important for tourism in a country is best shown on the example of the English town Birmingham, which would have still been an average, industrial town, if there had not been the congress tourism developed.It is the congress tourism that makes profit of approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤711 million to this town. Congress presentation has to include all the economic and non-economic services in order to satisfy the needs of the guests here.Such tourist presentation should include tourist attractions, natural beauties, climate,hospitality and cultural heritige. The fact that should be take into consideration is that congres tourist spend even three times greater sum of money than so called average tourists. (Year book of International Organization, 1980). In order to satisfy business clients needs the experiences of some more developed countries should be taken into consideration and some latest trends put into practice.These include some motivating or incentive trips which are specially created for the businessman when they are on business trips. These short, but intensive tours are organized for small number of people and according to their wishes and interests expressed in the questionnaire they had previously filled in and the tours are organized at the most popular locations and include extreme sports adventures and unique parties. It should so if it is well know fact that incentive business contracts worldwide are worth about billion $. Such animation of business people is very demanding and not easy at all, because through the short period of time one should make satisfy the needs of already tired guests and then to make them satisfied. It can be very demanding and useful at the same time for the tourist propaganda, and maybe one of the most useful way of animation because all these people are well educated and experienced, since they have visited so many countries, and at the moment when they rate the host country well, it means that they will share these positive experiences with people in their home countries and in such way they can become the best possible presenters of the county they stayed in. (Ivkov DÃ…Â ¾igurski AnÄ‘elija, 2008) Only these sorts of business trips and such clients can imply to what extent animation is linked with lobbying. Well versed animator is a good lobbyist at the same time knowing how to impose his rhythm and where to take his business clients as they can have a good time. It is up to him and his ability to what extent the clients would be satisfied and be ready to follow him. At the same time, it is his responsibility what feedback the host country would have when the client gets back home. It is no wonder that good animation and lobbying as well can make up for the possible failures. When the business clients are mentioned it is very important that the host county knows what it wants and that it can be accomplished by animators lobbyists. The quality of the product is of core importance, then services and the ideas, but what are crucial are the lobbyists experience and his/her non verbal communication. INSTEAD OF CONCLUSION No matter what is going to happen in the future people would always like to travel as they did so from the beginning of the world. Some time in the past migrations used to move towards wealthier spots and because of the search for food. The times when tourism was available only for the aristocracy had passed a long time ago. The era of mass tourism is also vanishing. The highlights of the present moment are city break tours and tours having enriched thematic content along with various cultural itineraries. People used to travel where the masses went, but nowadays people travel where their friends recommend, they gather some information on different social forumsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Actually, the forums are the best places to lobby for something it is possible to have someone there in order to opt for a tourist destination. The Internet plays an important part in tourism and in its marketing as well and it can be said that the Internet is an integral part of lobbying, too. The Internet preserves the magic and mystique of the lobbying activity, since you do not know who the lobbyist is but no matter you get involved and up to the extent of his skills you believe him or not. That is how you become a potential customer of his invisible services. The lobbyist is a successful one if he manages to draw your attention and make you not leave the forum, if he provokes you to ask him farther questions which are a good signal for him that he made you think unconsciously about the tourist product. It i s a huge success for the lobbyist himself because the forum user will start to spread the story about the good forum and in this way to make a potential destination become a part of tourist propaganda-it is much easier to sell a product or a service when the name is familiar to the potential customers. It is necessary to answer the following questions: who who with with what why how who to what for who for the lobbying is done? After answering all these questions it would be much easier to train a lobbyist and then he/she would how exactly how to act in order to achieve some goals. Machiavelli once said that The goal justifies the means but ethic code should be obeyed as well. Lobbyists should obey their own ethic code and the one in tourism, so in case of tourism it can not be said that all the goals and aims in the process of lobbying for the certain destination or a tourist product. It is necessary to bear in mind, who is lobbying and whom he is representing and what will be long term results. Lobbying is a process where the results can not be shown immediately, its effect can become visible in a period of couple of years. Continuous evaluation is necessary both for the lobbyists and tourist destinations, as well. It is necessary to evaluate the results-they actually show what a lobbyist team has managed to do. Team work is the best possible one even in lobbying industry and it does not mean that that t wo or more people should act simultaneously, but it means that their actions should be coordinated and not to be futile. Lobbying is a sign of the extent to which a society is democratic and civil sector developed. The region of the Western Balkans is still immature in that sense and along with its evolution the lobbying activities will start to develop and the concept of lobbying will become familiar to them. The lobbyists task is a promotion and that is why it can not be a priori said that everything is about money it is very important segment in fact, but its effects can influence economic development of some countries, civil sectors and eventually the promotion of some products and services. Apart from all this, money is important because it can make the society consolidate and influence well balanced financial distribution within all social scales. It is tourism that can help the society and the country to develop and good lobbying can make huge amounts of money to reach the country and later be invested in sustainable development, the promotion of tourism as a very important tertiary sector, you ng peoples grantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Lobbying makes it possible: For the Institutions to be easily recognized on the international market and especially among the partners that have already been selected to be within significant institutions in the realm of tourism in Europe and worldwide, To follow the world   trends in tourism and make it possible for the activities to be promoted, The creation of the international partnership system of the professional associations, Necessary support in the process of association in the institutrional network organisation which have the similar goals and in that way to promote the product. Lobbying and tourism are closely connected. It is the fact. Maybe it is not said in public. Maybe people have not realized this too seriously so far, but in the years to come their relationship should been taken into more serious consideration. Lobbyists have to do their job, and along with the fact that tourism is becoming a leading industry in the world the lobbying will become more and more present. The students of tourism should bear in mind that they can the lobbying as their profession although some of them, being members of various student organizations, have already been acquainted with this, though on amateur level.

The Effect Of Globalisation On Corporate Social Responsibility

The Effect Of Globalisation On Corporate Social Responsibility This study will discuss the effect of globalisation on corporate social responsibility and interpret the current situation of the practice of corporate social responsibility in China. First, this study will give the comprehensive understanding of The Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation Most firms take ethical and moral behaviours and activities expressing the concerns of consumers and shareholders interests or increase the investment in the corporate social responsibility projects. However, the previous aspects are not the true understandings of corporate social responsibility. Baker (2003) proposed that corporate social responsibility is about how firms employ and control their business activities and processes producing a positive outcome for the whole society. Moreover, the definition from the European Commission (2011) is more comprehensive and meaning, which is that companies incorporate social and environmental concerns into their business activities and the interaction with their shareholders and consumers to benefit the whole society. These definitions on corporate social responsibility concentrate on the improvement of social welfare and society. However, the definition from the European Commission further indicates that environmental, social and ethical i ssues are embedded in the business processes. In this study, the true meaning of corporate social responsibility is that firms integrate environmental, social and ethical issues in business processes and decision making process with the motivation of benefiting the stakeholders. The concept of globalisation is described as one of the most leading thoughts considerably affecting modern business theories and practices. This concept significantly make most scholars and practitioners concentrate on its influences on every aspect of human living and modern business, such as economic restructure, firms business operation, environment sustainability, culture, technology and governance (Bhagwati, 2004). Scherer and Palazzo (2008) proposed that globalisation is defined as a process of amplification and acceleration of social activities and economic cooperation across areas and countries. This process makes multinational corporates gain more free space and flexible to employ international business and trade for more profits. However, without more restricts on law, regulation and social influence in a specific area or country, new global problems and challenges are produced during this process, such as climate change, distribution of income and welfare and terrorism (S cherer and Palazzo, 2008). In early stage, globalisation involves the transformation and development of technologies in host countries, information sharing in different economies or continents, human resource mobility, and foreign investment from developed economies to less developed countries. However, both developed economies and developing economies have critically encountered religious, environmental and social issues resulting from globalisation (Elizabeth, 2005; Miles, 2007; Lauder et al., 2006). Under the influence of globalisation, economic liberalization, international cooperation between different countries and the previous aspects, such as the transformation of technologies and others, considerable countries have experienced the benefits from globalisation. Furthermore, these countries also need more efforts to be encountered with the challenges and threats created by globalisation. The Impact of Globalisation on Corporate Social Responsibility For multinational corporates, globalisation not only brings more opportunities and benefits for multinational corporates, but also makes multinational corporates adapt to the changing environment and accept the unprecedented challenges in the global level, industrial level and other levels. Corporate social responsibility is considered as one of the most significant aspects facing firms employing international business. In other words, multinational corporates reconsiders the fact that the moral, ethical, environmental and social issues should be incorporated into the process of decision making on business strategies and operations. Globalisation to a great extent promotes this evolution of corporate social responsibility all over the world. In one hand, globalisation further makes the public and organizations recognize and understand the negative consequences, such as the increasing income inequality, the exploitation of labour, and environmental unsustainability (Thomson, 2002). Since multinational corporates and their business further deepen this trend of the negative consequences, corporate responsibility is paid more attention to by the public and international community. However, on other hand, the development of international business and the activities of multinational firms are considered as the solution of global problems, such as the supplier of public goods and the protection of citizenship rights and human rights (Matten and Crane, 2005). Corporate social responsibility is to some extent viewed as one of the considerable forces to solve the negative consequences of globalisation and the existing glo bal problems. The following will give the specific discussion on globalisation and its effect on corporate social responsibility. In accordance with the theoretical perspective, there are two aspects of the effect of globalisation on corporate social responsibility. First, economic growth not only makes the public and national governments concentrate on welfare augmentation and its benefits for the society, but also makes them recognize that economic development is the consequence of the combination of social, economic and moral implications (Friedman, 2006). In ideal environment, economic growth will provide the equal distribution of income and welfare, the respect and protection of human rights and other aspects, which all people will share. However, globalisation to a certain extent further intensifies the phenomenon on inequality. During this process, who to be responsible for the balance between economic growth and inequality is considered as the significant path of coping with the negative consequences of globalisation. This study argues that governments, firms, consumers are described as the principal un dertaker. For firms, they are significant undertakers responsible for the public and social interests and moral issues. The firms incorporate social, environmental and moral issues into the process of their decision making and take the rational responsible behaviour and activities, which brings more and more profits for their shareholders and interests for their stakeholders in the long term. However, some firms made some decision and illegal and immoral and were responsible for the bad consequences. For instance, Enron scandal is considered as the most important example on illegal operation and misbehaviour making shareholders responsible for the huge loss (Healy and Palepu, 2003). Second, during the process of globalisation, the firms can maximize the efficiency and the performance of firms business through the worldwide allocation of resources. Nevertheless, the firms encounter the fierce competition beyond the spectrum of country or area. The competition not only brings more value and interests for their consumers, but also makes firms rethink their concerns of social, ethical and environmental issues and decision making process. There is a fact that more and more consumers concern the perception of firms environmental and social issues and socially responsible behaviours. Furthermore, the shareholders and stakeholders also focus on the implement of the strategies on environment and social communities. They will invest in the responsible and sustainable companies that produce the benefits and profits in the long term. Based on these facts from consumers and shareholders, more and more companies concentrate on the implementation and development of social resp onsibility. In summary, during the process of globalisation, there are the emergence of the global problems and negative consequences, such as global warming and climate change, the increasing unequal distribution of income and welfare, the abuse and invasion of human rights and others. These elements promote the focus and implement of corporate social responsibilities when multinational corporates employ international business and trade. Moreover, the worldwide competition and consumers and shareholders perception make the firms recognize and rethink corporate social responsibility and decision making process concerning environmental, social and ethical issues. The Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility in China China is considered as the second largest economy experiencing the rapid and stable economic growth and development, even in the term of financial crisis. The annual growth of Chinas economy is over 9 per cent, which is the worldwide fastest growing economy because of the implement of Open Door policy in 1978. Moreover, the economic development of China to a great extent is benefited from globalisation. Since implementing the trade and finance liberalisation and foreign investment policies, China is described as one of the most significant destinations of foreign direct investment. However, this process of globalisation results in the increasing pressure on environment and resource, labour relations and work conditions, human rights and community development because of the foreign firms seeking the labour force of cheaper cost and natural resource. Ho and Welford (2006) indicated that environmental pollution and community press in China made local communities and society stop new plants with environmental pollution and other projects. During the past three decades, the leading foreign companies are the dominated drive force to implement corporate social responsibility in China. Today, the Chinese Government recognized and understood the environmental pressure and the effect on the further development of economy and society. In terms of See (2008), a Harmonious Society policy proposed by Chinese President Hu Jintao is dedicated to develop a Chinese own development approach. One element of this policy is the sustainable development and social responsibility. More over, the Chinese Government has encouraged the private sector to implement corporate social responsibility. The following will focus on the two aspects of corporate social responsibility including the environment and the labour. In accordance with Liu and Diamond (2005), air pollution, water pollution, severe biodiversity situation and energy waster make China responsible for the worst environment and development pressure. This fact indicates that environmental issues may be considered as the most significant challenge or opportunity facing firms in China. For example, the leading milk production and packing firm-Mengniu cooperating with World Wide Fund for Nature aims to further reduction of carbon emission (China CSR, 2010). Furthermore, the Chinese Government promote corporate social responsibility and environment sustainable and protection from several aspects, such as the supervision and regulation making of the Governments State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and the environmental requirement of IPO (Initial Public Offering) from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Referring to the labour, the rights of migrant workers and other labour issues in China cannot be effectively protected and at risk of exploitation (Welford and Frost, 2006). There are a huge number of migrant workers from home to southern cities to obtain better wages and others. Chan (2001) indicated that Shenzhen, as the first city of implementing the Open Door policy, has 12 million migrant workers, which account for over 92 per cent of the total population in Shenzhen city. Although there are some laws and regulation on labour relations and protection, the exploitation of labour exists in many provinces and may worsen. For instance, more than 13 workers employed by Foxconn Company in China committed suicide in 2010 because of labour rights (Pomfret et al., 2010). The severe labour rights and their work conditions are the most significant aspects facing the firms implementing corporate social responsibility.

Customs of the Arunta Society Essay -- essays research papers

The Arunta are a group of Australian Aborigines who have many customs and reasons for why they do what they do. Their customs reflect their society because everything they do has a reason. Some customs may have come about because of the environment, the natural resources, or possibly just beliefs. There are several customs about family and kinship. An Arunta camp usually has one to two families. The Arunta live in such small groups so they do not have to worry about hunting a lot of food for big camps. If their camp were attacked, it would be a lot easier to look after a small amount of people and belongings. It may be more efficient to hunt in larger groups, because you have more of a chance to find animals, and if one person were to be attacked by some sort of animal or person, there ...

Literary Allusion in Women of Brewster Place, Linden Hills, and Mama Da

Literary Allusion in Women of Brewster Place, Linden Hills, and Mama Day      Ã‚  Ã‚   Gloria Naylor has endeavored to overcome the obstacles that accompany being an African-American woman writer.   In her first three novels, The Women of Brewster Place, Linden Hills, and Mama Day, Naylor succeeds not only in blurring the boundary between ethnic writing and classical writing, but she makes it her goal to incorporate the lives of African-Americans into an art form with universal appeal.   Gloria Naylor explains this struggle by stating, "The writers I had been taught to love were either male or white.   And who was I to argue that Ellison, Austen, Dickens, the Brontes, Baldwin and Faulkner weren't masters?   They were and are.   But inside there was still the faintest whisper: Was there no one telling my story?" (qtd. in Erickson 232).   Naylor, in her quest to make the western cannon more universal, readapts the classics.   By the use of allusions to the themes and structures of Shakespeare and Dante in her first three novels, Naylor revises the classics to encompass African-Americans.       In The Women of Brewster Place, Naylor's allusions to Shakespeare's comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream reinterpret the bard to depict the plight of African-American women.   Naylor incorporates themes of A Midsummer Night's Dream into the life of Cora Lee, a resident of the Brewster Place housing project.   Cora Lee, whose existence is dominated by the responsibilities and demands of raising her children, escapes into the vacuousness of television soap operas.   However, Cora Lee's lifestyle is temporarily modified when she is invited to attend a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream.   According to Peter Erickson, the play "...inspires in Cora Lee... ...ills.   New York: Penguin, 1985. _____.   Mama Day.   New York: Vintage Contemporaries, 1993. _____.   The Women of Brewster Place.   New York: Penguin, 1980. Perry, Donna. Backtalk: Women Writers Speak Out.   New Brunswick, New   Jersey: Rutgers, 1993. Saunders, James Robert.   "The Ornamentation of Old Ideas: Naylor's First Three Novels."   Hollins Critic 27 (1990).   Rpt. in Gloria Naylor: Critical Perspectives Past and Present.   New York: Amistad, 1993. Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream.   Ed. Roma Gill.   Oxford: Oxford, 1981. _____.   The Tempest.   Eds. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine.   New York: Washington Square, 1994. Ward, Catherine C.   "Linden Hills: A Modern Inferno."   Contemporary Literature 28 (1987), 67-81.  Ã‚   Rpt. in Gloria Naylor: Critical Perspectives Past and Present.   New York: Amistad, 1993.  Ã‚     

Majority-Minority Question in the Writings of Gandhi and Jinnah Essay

Two major political leaders stand out in early twentieth century history of India. These two men are Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah. In the lead up to the demand of Indian political leaders for independence from British colonial rule, a major political party was formed, and named ‘The Indian Congress Party’. All areas of British colonial India was represented in the Congress party. British colonial India was made up of people of many religions; the two major ones being Hinduism and Islam. Hindus were in the majority, while Muslims were in the minority, though a sizable minority. Both Gandhi and Jinnah were members of Congress Party. The initial push for independence from British colonialism was supported by people of all religions and from all regions. Of the main actors in the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi advocated a single united India composed of people of all religions in a secular constitutional democracy. Mohammad Ali Jinnah on the other hand, wanted an India made up of two states of equal parity, Pakistan and Hindustan. Hindustan would be ruled by the majority Hindus while Pakistan would be ruled by the minority Muslims, not as a democracy, but as an Islamic state. His difference of opinion with other Congress Party leaders like Gandhi, led Jinnah to leave Congress Party and to join ‘The Muslim League’. The inability of the two different and extreme positions to reach a consensus, eventually led to the division of British colonial India into two different countries at independence in 1947: India and Pakistan. Gandhi’s Position on Indian Independence Mahatma Gandhi was first and foremost a Hindu. When Gandhi entered Indian politics by joining the Indian Congress Party, he had three major objectives in view. The first was to unite all the people from diverse regions and religions into one united, indivisible India. The second was to awaken in all Indians a sense of nationalism and moral rearmament. The third was to use non-violent civil disobedience to force the British colonialists to grant India both political and economic independence. His speeches and writings were tailored towards these three objectives. Prior to Gandhi’s entry into Indian politics, there had been agitations for political autonomy by Indians. Many of these agitations had turned violent. The British on their part forcefully put down these violent protests, with consequent heavy loss of life of protesting Indians. Gandhi institutionalized non-violent protests as an effective method of forcing British colonialists to grant, first economic concessions and later political self determination to Indians. One of Gandhi’s most quoted famous speeches is one address to all Britons and given in 1942. â€Å"Leave India to God. If that is too much, then leave her to anarchy. † (Gandhi, May 1942) ‘†During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written this speech as an appeal â€Å"To Every Briton† to free their possessions in Asia and Africa, especially India†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Philips and Wainwright, 567). In order for both Gandhi’s Indian Congress Party and the Muslim League to present a common front to the British for a unified Indian independence, Gandhi had meeting with Jinnah on many occasions. However, because of their diametrically opposed positions on the majority/minority issue, their talks yielded no positive results. While Gandhi and his Congress party wanted a unified India with a secular constitutional democracy, Jinnah and his Muslim League wanted a two state structure with the Muslim minority being granted political parity with the Hindu majority. Thus the stage was set for division of India into two separate political entities, one secular and the other religious. Jinnah’s Position on Hindu/Muslim Parity The stance of the Muslim minority of British colonial India was articulated by Jinnah in his speeches and talks with British colonial administrators and Gandhi. ‘In 1940 Jinnah said â€Å"So far as I have understood Islam, it does not advocate a democracy which would allow the majority of non-Muslims to decide the fate of the Muslims†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Quaid-e-Azam, Vol II) ‘†Also in 1940 Jinnah spoke of how the Muslims constituted not a mere minority, but a nation and must have their own homeland. (Gwyer and Appadorai, 1957) Hence from his speeches and writings, Ali Jinnah left no room for meaningful compromise with those like Gandhi, who wanted a unified independent India, with a secular democratic constitution. Jinnah and the Muslim minority in India feared that the Hindu majority would dominate them and subjugate them in reprisal for the way the Muslim rulers of pre-colonial India had subjugated the Hindu populace which they ruled. In the words of Burke, ‘†At best, Jinnah and his colleagues were apprehensive of the intentions of the Hindu-dominated Congress towards the Muslims, and its ability and willingness to provide for and facilitate the progress and well-being of the minorities. In short, they were seeking to â€Å"escape the yoke of the more numerous Hindus. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Burke, 1973) NOTES 1. Philips and Wainwright, eds. The Partition of India: Policies and Perspectives 1935-1947. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1970. 2. Speech delivered at Aligarh, March 6 1940, Speeches, Statements and Messages of the Quaid-e-Azam, Vol II, Khurshid Yusufi, Bazm-i-Iqbal, Lahore 3. Speech at Lahore Session of the All India Muslim League, March 22, 1940,’Speeches and Documents on the Indian Constitution 1921-47†²,Vol II, Gwyer and Appadorai, 1957 4. Burke, S. M. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) p. 65. Bibliography 1. Burke, S. M. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis (London: Oxford University Press, 1973) p.65. 2. Philips and Wainwright, eds. The Partition of India: Policies and Perspectives 1935-1947. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1970. 3. Speech delivered at Aligarh, March 6 1940, Speeches, Statements and Messages of the Quaid-e-Azam, Vol II, Khurshid Yusufi, Bazm-i-Iqbal, Lahore 4. Speech at Lahore Session of the All India Muslim League, March 22, 1940,’Speeches and Documents on the Indian Constitution 1921-47†²,Vol II, Gwyer and Appadorai, 1957 Internet Sources 5. Gandhi, May 1942, quoted in â€Å"The Partition of India† http://www. english. emory. edu/Bahri/Part. html